英语最基本的语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。但有时由于句子结构的需要或表示强调，就要采用倒装形式。
句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装，二是由于修辞的需要而进行倒装。前一种倒装是必须的，否则就会出现语法错误。后一种情况，是选择性的，倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。
分为完全倒装和部分倒装两类。
完全倒装（full inversion）又称全部倒装，将谓语动词完全移到主语之前。通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。
部分倒装（partial inversion），又叫半倒装句。指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词放到主语之前，而谓语动词无变化。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do，does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
一． 几种常见的部分倒装结构：
1. only+状语或状语从句放在句首。如：
Only in this way can we improve our English. 只有这样，我们才能提高英语水平。
Only after you left did I find this bag. 只是在你离开以后我才发现这只提包。
Only in this way can you solve this problem.只有用这种方法，你才可以解决这个问题。
2. 含否定意义并修饰全句的词放在句首。如：not , little, few, hardly, scarcely, no more, no longer, in no way, never, seldom, not only, no sooner等等。如：
Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽车上班。
Never shall I forget it. 我永远不会忘记这件事。
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我刚一到家，天就开始下雨。
Not until twelve o'clock did she go to bed last night .她昨晚十二点才上床睡觉。
3. so放在句首，跟在一个肯定句之后，表示前面所述内容也适用于另一个人或物。如：
I like travelling. So does he. 我喜欢旅行，他也喜欢。
Her father is a doctor. So is her mother. 她父亲是位医生，她母亲也是。
He has been to Beijing twice. So have I. 他去过北京两次，我也去过两次。
4. neither, nor 或no more 放在句首，作“也不”讲，跟在一个否定句之后，表示前面所述内容也适用于另一人或物。例如：
My teacher didn't agree with him. Nor did I.老师不同意他的意见，我也不同意。
I’m not interested in maths. Neither is he. 我对数学不感兴趣，他也同样。
5. 副词often，短语many a time， 或者so修饰形容词或副词、位于句首时。例如：
So badly was he injured in the accident that he was sent to the hospital for treatment.在这次事故中他伤的很重，被送进医院治疗。
So hard does he work that he has no time to spare for travelling. 他那么努力工作，抽不出时间去旅行。
6. 虚拟条件句省略if 时，将were，should或had移到主语之前。如：
Should it rain, all the crops would be saved. 若是下雨的话，庄稼就都得救了。
Were my teacher here, he would give some good advice. 我的老师如果在这儿，他会提些好的建议的。
Hadn’t it been for his help, we wouldn’t have finished the work in time.若非有他帮忙，我们就不能及时完成工作。
7. 以may或long live开头的某些表示祝愿的用语。如：
May God bless you. 愿上帝保佑你!
May you succeed! 祝你成功！
Long live the People’s Republic of China! 中华人民共和国万岁！
8. 由as/though 引导的表示“虽然”，“尽管”的让步状语从句用倒装语序时，把从句的表语或状语等放在as/though 的前面。例如：
Yonng as/though she was, she could work out that problem alone. 虽然她很小，但她却能独自解出那道难题。
Child as/ though he is , he is very brave. 尽管他是个孩子。但他却非常勇敢。
（注意：如果从句中的表语是名词，其名词前不加任何冠词）
9. so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分。例如：
So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled.他的要价太离谱，令每个人都瞠目结舌。
To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out.她的彩排进行得那么长，以致于那两个演员都走出去了。
二．几种常见的完全倒装结构
1．There be 句型：有时该句型中也可用其他表示存在意义的动词代替be。如live，remain，come，stand，go，lie，exist等等。
There is a lamp and two cups on the table.桌子上有一盏灯和两只杯子。
There uesd to be a shop around the corner.拐角处过去有一家商店。
Once upon a time there lived six blind men in a village in India.从前在印度的一个村子里住着六位盲人。
2. 句子的开头是here，there，now，then等副词。如：
Here are some interesting stories for you to read. 这儿有些有趣的故事给你读。
There goes the bell. 铃声响了。
3. 表示方位的介词、副词放在句首。如：out，in，up，down，away等词。但应注意：句子的主语应是名词，若主语是代词，则不能倒装。如：
Out rushed the soldiers.战士们冲了出去。
Away went the boy. 那男孩走开了。
比较： Away he went. 他走开了。
Here he comes. 他来了。
4. 为了保持句子平衡，强调表语和状语，使句子上下紧密衔接。如：
At the entrance of the valley stood an old pine tree. 在峡谷的入口处耸立着一棵古老的松柏。
Round the corner came a motorcycle. 一辆摩托车从拐角处转了过来。
5. 直接引语位于句首。如：
“I love you，”whispered John. “我爱你！”约翰悄悄地说道。
“Help！Help！”cried the boy in the water。水中的男孩大声呼喊着“救命啊！”
倒装结构是语言的一种表达形式，除了上述各种情况需要倒装以外，还有些被强调部分也常常可以提到句首，形成倒装。例如：
This they kept for themselves. 这东西他们就据为己有了。
倒装是英语中一个重要的修辞手段。倒装句的使用丰富了我们的语言表达，了解并掌握倒装句各种句式的用法，不仅会提高我们对英语语言的欣赏能力，对英语表达能力的提高也将大有裨益。因此，写作中适当用一些倒装句式定会使文章表达更生动、有力。
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1.His mother had talked to him for many minutes while he was watching TV,but ＿＿＿＿.
A.a little did he hear B.little did he hear C.little heard he D.a little heard he
2.—— Hello,Zhu Hua.I’ll have to return to Canada because I’ve worked here for a year.—— ＿＿＿＿＿!
A.What tim?flies B.How time flies C.What does time fly D.How does time fly
3.During the war, ＿＿＿＿but also he lost his wife and his child.
A.not was his job in the lab taken away B.not only was his job in the lab taken away
C.not merely his job in the lab was taken away D.not just was taken away his job in the lab
4.—— We have to stop talking here outside.Listen,＿＿＿＿＿!—— Hurry up, or we’ll be late.
A.There goes the bell B.There does the bell go C.There the bell goes D.Goes the bell there
5.I think this is the first time that we have met.＿＿＿anywhere.
A.Before have we never seen each other B.Never before we have seen each other
C.Each other have we seen never before D.Never before have we seen each other
6.＿＿＿! You should take this chance to attend it.
A.How important conference is it B.How an important conference it is
C.What an important conference is it D.What an important conference it is
7.She didn’t come to the party last Sunday.＿＿＿,she must have made the party more exciting.
A.If she came B.Would she come C.Had she come D.Did she come
8.They finally managed to climb to the top,but ＿＿then.
A.went the children down the hill B.down the hill did the children go
C.down the hill went the children D.down the hill the children went
9.I received his mother’s telephone call at eleven.＿＿that he was badly hurt in an accident yesterday.
A.Then did I know B.Only then I knew C.Only then did I know D.Only then knew I
10.—— What sport do you like best?—— Springboard diving(跳板跳水).＿＿＿ to dive into water from high board!
A.What a fun is it B.How fun it is C.How a fun is it D.What fun it is
11.—— The old man wouldn’t stay at home for a rest even if it rained.
—— ＿＿＿＿.He would feel sick if he stayed home for one day.
A.So would my grandpa B.So wouldn’t my grandpa
C.Neither would my grandpa D.Nor wouldn’t my grandpa
12.＿＿＿for us to surf(冲浪) on the sea in summer!
A.What exciting is it B.How exciting is it C.What exciting it is D.How exciting it is
13.By no means ＿＿＿ to our plan for the trip.
A.will she agree B.she will agree C.agrees she D.will agree she
14.The child tiptoed(翘起脚尖走) quietly to the bird.＿＿＿into the forest when he was about to catch it.
A.Flew it away B.Away flew it C.Away it flew D.Flew away it
15.Little Tom is an orphan.＿＿＿＿＿,he has to make a living by himself.
A.A child as he is B.Child as he is C.Child as is he D.A child though he is
16.＿＿＿he gave that we should take more exercise in our spare time!
A.What a good advice B.How a good advice C.What good advice D.How good advice
17.Hardly had she walked out of the woods ＿＿ she heard the strange scream coming from behind a tree.
A.than B.until C.since D.when
1.B 2.B。3.B。4.A。5.D。6.D。7.C。8.C。9.C。10.D。11.C。12.D。13.A。14.C。15.B。16.C。
17.D。
